1) accused : ជនជាប់ចោទ : (page 40) someone charged
with a crime, the defendant in a criminal proceeding.
2) action in tort : បណ្តឹងខាងរដ្ឋប្បវេណី
ឬស៊ីវិល :
(page 40) case brought in court, seeking damages for a tort.
3) actus reus : អំពើពិរុទ្ធ : (page 40) criminal deed or act (compare to mens rea, which
mens the criminal intent).
4) adjudicate: វិនិច្ច័យ : (page
107) to act as judge in a dispute, to make a formal decisions, about something.
5) administrative law
: ច្បាប់ ឬនីតិរដ្ឋបាល : (page 8) body of law, such
as rules, regulations, orders, and decisions, created by and related to
administrative agencies.
6) agency law: ច្បាប់ស្តីពីទីភ្នាក់ងារ: (page 60) law regarding the relationship where one person
(the agent) acts and is authorized to act for another (the principal).
7) agreement
(international) : កិច្ចព្រមព្រៀ់ង ឬសន្ធិដ្ឋភាព (អន្តរជាតិ): (page 94) written agreement
between states or nations governed by international laws.
8) alternative dispute resolution (ADR): ដំណោះស្រាយជម្លោះចំពោះបណ្ដឹងវិវាទ :(page
84) form or method of resolving disputes apart from litigation.
9) arbiter : មជ្ឈត្តករ
ឬអាជ្ញាកណ្តាល :(page 84) impartial person
given power to decide a dispute.
10)arbitral
tribunal:
ការជំនុំជម្រះនៃមជ្ឈត្តករ ឬអាជ្ញាកណ្តាល:(page 84) collective body of arbitrators or arbiters.
11)arbitration:ការសម្រេចនៃអាជ្ញាកណ្តាល ឬមជ្ឈត្តវិនិឆ្ឆ័យ ឬមជ្ឈត្តកម្ម: (page 84) form of dispute
resolution (an alternative to litigation
through the court system) in which dispute are heard and decided by an
impartial arbitrator or arbitrators, chosen by the parties to the dispute.
12)arbitrator:អ្នកប្រើអំណាចសម្រេច ឬអាជ្ញាកណ្តាល: (page 84) impartial person
having the power to decide a dispute.
13)articles of association:លក្ខន្តិកៈក្រុមហ៊ុន
ឬបទបញ្ជាផ្ទៃក្នុង: (page 51) (uk)document that defines a company’s internal
organization (us bylaws).
14)assault:ការបំពារបំពាន: (page 29) intentional
attempt or threat to injure another person that causes them to reasonably
expect to be harmed.
15)assignee :អនុប្បទានិក
ឬអ្នកដែលគេផ្ទេរសិទ្ធិឬកាត់ឈ្មោះឲ្យ:(page
19) person who receives an assignment.
16)assignment:អនុប្បទាន ឬការផ្ទេរសិទ្ធិលើវត្ថុ: (page 19) transfer of
one’s contractual rights to a third part.
17)assignor :អនុប្បទាយី ឬអ្នកដែលប្រគល់ឬផ្ទេរសិទ្ធិឬឈ្មោះឲ្យអ្នកដ៏ទៃ: (page 19) person who
transfers his/her rights or duties to another.
18)attorney:មេធាវី ឬអ្នកច្បាប់: (page 83) lawyer.
19)balance of probabilities:តុល្យភាពនៃការលើកភស្តុតាងសំអាង: (page 40) where proof of
liability must be shown to be more likely than not .
20)bankruptcy law:នីតិឬច្បាប់ក្ស័យធន: (page 60) law regarding a
legal procedure for the setting of debts of individuals or businesses unable to
pay what they owe. all their property is surrendered to a court –appointed
official who liquidates the property to pay the claims of creditors.
21)barrister:មេធាវី ឬអ្នកច្បាប់ ឬស្មាក្តី(តុលាការជាន់ខ្ពស់): (page
83) (uk) lawyer admitted to plead at the bar and in superior courts; a member
of one of the inns of court.
22)board of directors:ក្រុមប្រឹក្សាភិបាល
ឬគណៈនាយក:
(page 51) group of individuals elected by shareholders to make the major
decisions of the company.
23)body (international): អង្គការ
ឬស្ថាប័ន(អន្តរជាតិ) : (page
95) organization or entity (active internationally).
24)breach of contract:ការល្មើសឬរំលោភលើកិច្ចសន្យា: (page 19) failure to
perform a contractual obligation interference with another party´s performance
which incurs a right for the other party to claim damages.
25)breaching party :ភាគីរំលោភកិច្ចសន្យា:(page 19) party violating the terms of
the contract
26)burden of proof :បន្ទុកភស្ដុតាង ឬបន្ទាល់ភស្ដុតាង:(page 40) requirement of presenting
enough evidence to support a claim.
27)burglary :ការលបចូលលួច
ឬចោរគាស់ផ្ទះ:(page 40) unlawful entering of a
building with the intent to commit a crime.
28)business entity:ស្ថាប័នជំនួញឬធុរកិច្ច
ឬសាជីវកម្ម:
(page 50) legally recognized organizational structure designed to provide and
sell goods and services. basically, three separate categories of entities
exist: sole proprietorships, partnerships, limited liability companies (us
corporations).
29)carriage of goods:ការដឹកទំនិញ
ឬតម្លៃដឹកទំនិញ:
(page 60) field concerned with the legal relationships between the shipper (or
owner) of goods, the carrier, and the receiver/ consignee of goods
30)certificate of incorporation:វិញ្ញាប័ណ្ណប័ត្រ ឬលិខិតបញ្ជាក់បើកក្រុមហ៊ុនសាជីវកម្ម:(page 51) document issued by a governmental authority
granting a company status as a legal entity.
31)charge:បទចោទប្រកាន់ ឬសេចក្ដីពន្យល់អង្គច្បាប់
: (page 40) to make a
formal accusation of a crime.
32)charter :ធម្មនុញ្ញ ឬកតិការសញ្ញា (អន្តរជាតិ):(international) (page 94) international agreement granting certain right to
an international body by the signatory nations of such agreement.
33)chattels :ចលនវត្ថុ:(page 73) personal property (excluding freeholds).
34)civil cases:រឿងក្តីឬបណ្តឹងរដ្ឋប្បវេណី: (page 84) any case
concerned with non –criminal matters, right and remedies.
35)civil code:ច្បាប់ឬក្រមរដ្ឋប្បវេណី: (civil law) (page
61) set of law in written formulation used in civil-law systems developed from
roman law and used in many European countries.
36)civil law :ច្បាប់ឬនីតិរដ្ឋប្បវេណី:(page 106) 1) legal system developed from roman codified
law, established by a state for its regulation; 2) area of the law concerned
with non-criminal matters, rights and remedies.
37)civil wrong :កំហុសរដ្ឋប្បវេណី:(page 29) injury or damage that is not the result of a
crime.
38)claimant :ដើមចោទ
ឬដើមបណ្ដឹង:(page
40) (uk) person who brings a civil action; (us) plaintiff.
39)clause:ជំពូកច្បាប់
ឬខច្បាប់(កិច្ចសន្យា): (page
22) paragraph or section of a contract.
40)commercial law:នីតិឬច្បាប់ពាណិជ្ជកម្ម: (page 8) body of law
governing the relations between person engaged in business.
41)commercial transactions:ដំណោះស្រាយកិច្ចការជំនួញពាណិជ្ជកម្ម: (page 60) dealings and
acts of carrying out of commercial functions including procedures of creation,
transformation, agreements and exchanges, in conducting and negotiating
business and economic activities.
42)common law:ប្រព័ន្ធច្បាប់មានប្រភពពីប្រទេសអង់គ្លេស: (page 106) body of law
formed through judicial/court decisions, as opposed to law formed through
statutes or written legislation (also case law, judge-made law).
43)community service order:ការងារសហគមន៍: (page 40) alternative to
prison, a criminal sentence that requires the offender to do unpaid work in the
community
44)company:ក្រុមហ៊ុន: (page 50) (uk) institution
created to conduct business, usually an association of person (us corporation).
it exists as a separate legal entity from the owners (who are called
shareholders). in common usage, it is sometimes used just to refer to a
business.
45)company formation :ដំណើរការបង្កើតក្រុមហ៊ុន: (page 51) process of registering a company.
companies can be created by individuals, agents, attorneys or accountants. the
majority of companies formed in the uk and the usa today are formed
electronically.
46)company law :ច្បាប់ឬនីតិក្រុមហ៊ុន: (page 8) body of law
related to forming registering, governing and dissolving companies.
47)comparative law :ច្បាប់ឬនីតិប្រៀបធៀប:(page 106) study of the difference similarities and
interrelationships between difference legal systems.
48)compensation :សំណង ឬប្រាក់កម្រៃ:(page 73) payment for performance of work or for loss
sustained.
49)compensatory damages:សំណងការខូតខាត:( (page 29) as a result of a lawsuit,
the award of an amount of money to the injured party un an amount equivalent to
the financial value of his injury.
50)competition law:នីតិឬច្បាប់ប្រកួតប្រជែង: (page 60) (uk) body of law
that regulates business activities and markets, especially agreements and
practices that limit competition;(us antitrust law).
51)conflict of law:សភាពជាន់គ្នានៃច្បាប់: (page 94) see private
international law.
52)consideration :តម្លៃតបស្នង
ឬថ្នូរ ឬរង្វាន់តបស្នង:(page 18) something of
value given by one party to another in order induce the other to contract. in
common law, consideration is a necessary element for enforceable contract.
53)constitutional document:ឯកសារដែលស្របរដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្ញឬច្បាប់: (page 51) document which
define the existence of a legal entity and regulate the structure and control
of the entity and its members. the exact form of the constitutional documents
depends upon the type of entity. example include (uk) memorandum of association
((us) articles of incorporation) and
(uk) articles of association ((us) bylaws).
54)constitutional law :ច្បាប់ឬនីតិរដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្ញ:(page 8) body of law which includes
legislation based on the constitution, that is the fundamental law of a nation,
as well as judicial decisions which interpret and apply the constitution.
55)contentious work:ការងារដែលមានវិវាទ
ឬដែលមានការប្រកួតប្រជែងគ្នា:(page 60) struggle or
effort, causing, involving or characteriesed by
argument or controversy pertaining to causes between opposing parties.
it commonly involves the consequences of breach of contract and also maybe be
known as litigation.
56)convention (international): សន្និបាត ឬអនុសញ្ញា (អន្តរជាតិ): (page 94) written agreement between states or nations
governed by international laws, e.g. the bern convention with respect to the
protection of copyrights.
57)conveyance:ការផ្ទេរសិទ្ធិ ឬកាត់ឈ្មោះចំពោះអចលនៈទ្រព្យ:(page 72) transfer of property right in land from one person
to another; instrument used to transfer title to property.
58)conviction :ការដាក់ទោស ឬការផ្ដន្ទាទោស: (page 29) finding of guilt in a criminal case.
59)corporal punishment:ទណ្ឌកម្មលើរូបរាងកាយ:(page 40) punishment inflict on the
body, such as whipping.
60)counsel :ស្មាក្តី
ឬមេធាវីតំណាងភាគី:(page 83) lawyer
representing a party in a legal matter, any person conducting a matter in
court.
61)counter-offer :ដាក់ស្នើភស្តុតាងបន្ថែម:(page 18) new offer with new terms made
as a reply to an offer received.
62)court:តុលាការ:(page 83) place where cases are heard
and justice administered. the jury is also referred to as the court.
63)creditor:ឥណទាយក ឬម្ចាស់បំណុល: (page 51) person or
company who is owed a financial obligation.
64)crime:បទល្មើសព្រហ្មទណ្ឌ:(page 40) violation of public law which is subject to
punishment such as imprisonment or fine.
65)criminal law :ច្បាប់ឬនីតិព្រហ្មទណ្ឌ:(page 8) area of law that deals with crime, punishment or
penalties (also penal law).
66)custom :ទំនៀមទម្លាប់:(page 94) long-established practice recognized as having
the force of law.
67)customary international law:ច្បាប់ឬនីតិអន្តរជាតិជាទម្លាប់:( (page 94) international law that has not been made
manifest or ratified, but is based primarily on natural law and is recognized
by the international court of justice and the member nations of the un.
68)customs union:សហព័ន្ធពន្ធគយ:(page 95) group of nations
or tariff areas created to remove customs barriers between them and to agree to
a common tariff policy in relation to non-member nations.
69)damages:សំណងជម្ងឺចិត្ត:(page 19) money awarded by a court in compensation for loss
or injury.
70)debtor and creditor law :ច្បាប់ឥណទាយិកនិងឥណទាយក:(page 60) law in regards to financial obligations and legal
interactions where one party is unable to pay a monetary debt to another. it
may include insolvency, bankruptcy, foreclosures and repossessions.
71)deed :លិខិតកាត់កម្មសិទ្ធិ
ឬលិខិតប្រគល់សិទ្ធិ:(page 73) a written
instrument transferring ownership in property.
72)defendant:ចុងចោទ: (page 40) person against
whom an action is brought in court (also respondent). defendant is
generally used when referring to the answering party to a civil complaint; respondent
is generally used when referring to the answering party to a petition for a
court order.
73)discovery phase:ដំណាក់កាលប្ដូរឯកសារសំណុំរឿងរវាងគូក្ដី: (page 83) period before
trial when formal procedures are used to obtain relevant information from the
other party/parties.
74)disposition:ការជម្រះចោល:(page 72) disposition of, parting with or otherwise giving
up of property; transferring care or possession.
75)dispute :ជម្លោះ
ឬការឈ្លោះប្រកែកគ្នា:(page 83) conflict or
disagreement .
76)dispute resolution:ដំណោះស្រាយជម្លោះ
ឬការឈ្លោះប្រកែកគ្នា: (page 83) settling of a dispute.
77)disputing parties:ភាគីនៃជម្លោះ:(page 83) persons including companies or agencies involved
in a disagreement.
78)employment law:ច្បាប់ឬនីតិការងារ:(page 8) body of law governing the relationship between
employers and employees, including the right to organize in unions.
79)enforce :ការអនុវត្តន៍ចាប់បង្ខំ:(page 83) to make effective. in the case of an agreement,
it is where one party legally compels performance by the order party.
80)enforcement:ការអនុវត្តន៍ច្បាប់: (page 83) legally compelling performance by the order
party.
81)enforcement of judgments:ការអនុវត្តន៍ច្បាប់នៃចៅក្រម: (page 107) carrying out of
judicial mandates, usually orders.
82)equity and trusts:គោលការណ៍សមភាពនិងភាពជឿជាក់: (page8) legal principle
applies to achieve fairness where the strict roles of law would be too harsh.
83)essential terms :ខសំខាន់នៃកិច្ចសន្យា:(page 18) provisions required for a contract to exist.
84)estate pur autre vie:មរតកសម្បត្តិ: (page 72) estate granted only
for the life of someone other than the grantee.
85)exclusive possession:កម្មសិទ្ធិផ្តាច់មុខ: (page 73) sole use and
benefit of a property.
86)execution:ការអនុវត្តន៍សាលក្រម
ឬការទទួលទោសតាមសាលក្រម ឬទោសប្រហារជីវិត:(page
40) death penalty, capital punishment.
87)family law:នីតិគ្រួសារ: (page 8) body of law related to family relationships
especially divorce, child custody and adoption.
88)fee simple:ដីដែលជាកម្មសិទ្ធិផ្តាច់មុខ ឬអត្ថប្រយោជន៍ដ៏ទូលំទូលាយលើទ្រព្យ:(page72) whole interest in
a piece of real property; the broadest interest in property allowed by common
law.
89)fee tail :ការបន្តមរតកវង្សត្រកូល: (page 72) estate which lasts as long as the original
grantee or any of his descendants live.
90)felony:បទឧក្រិដ្ឋ: (page 40) grave crime punishable by a harsher sentence than
a misdemeanor, which is a less serious crime.
91)file:តំកល់ ឬដាក់ពាក្យ:(page 51) to deliver a
document to the custody or records of a court or proper authorities for the
purpose of being kept as a matter of record and reference.
92)formation :និមិ្មតកម្មនៃកិច្ចសន្យា: act of
bringing a contract into existence.
93)framework convention:ក្របខណ្ឌអនុសញ្ញា: (page 94) international
agreement that provides standards and guidelines for signatory nations to
implement on a national level, e.g. the un framework convention on climate
change.
94)fraudulent misrepresentation (fraud i the inducement) :ការថ្លែងបោកប្រាស់ ឬការថ្លែងមិនពិតក្នុងបំណងបោកប្រាស់:(page 29) the act of misleading someone so as to entice
them to enter into an agreement.
95)freehold estate :កម្មសិទ្ធិគ្មានពេលកំណត់: (page 72) property whose
duration of ownership or occupation is not determined.
96)frivolous litigation :បណ្ដឹងវិវាទដែលឥតបានការ ឬគ្មានខ្លឹមសារ:(page 88) a dispute in
court that has little chance of success as it lacks merit in law and/or fact.
97)future expected losses:ការបាត់បង់
ឬហានិភ័យផ្នែកហិរញ្ញវត្ថុនាពេលអនាគត: (page 29) a financial loss which can be reasonably expected
to occur in the future.
98)globalization:សាកលភាវូបនីយកម្ម: (page 106) the process of
moving towards a more interconnected world.
99)government agency:ទីភ្នាក់ងាររដ្ឋាភិបាល: (83) department, authority,
administration of government created by legislation.
100) grantee :អនុប្បទានិក:(page 73) party who receives title to real property (e.g.
the byer).
101) grantor:អនុប្បទាយី: (page 73) party who transfers (grants) title to real
property (e.g. the seller).
102) guilty beyond a reasonable doubt :ការដាក់ការសង្ស័យដែលអាចធ្វើទៅបានមុនជាប់ពិរុទ្ធភាព:(page 40) amount of proof needed to convict a defendant of
a crime.
103) harmonization (unification) :ឯកសមោធាន
ឬឯកភាពវូប្បនីយកម្ម:(page 106) process of
nations adopting laws which are similar to or the same as other nations.
104) hearing :សវនាការ:(page
83) formal proceeding before anybody having decision-making powers or
authority.
105) heir :ទាយាទ ឬអ្នកទទួលមរតក:(page 72) person who inherits or is entitled to inherit property on
the death of another.
106) housing law :នីតិឬច្បាប់លំនៅដ្ឋាន:(page 8) body of law relating to the rights of tenants and
homeowners, and the financing of housing.
107) impartial referee:មន្ត្រីរបាយការណ៍ ឬចៅក្រមរបាយការណ៍ឥតលំអៀងឬអនាគតិ: (page 84) third party
appointed to decide a dispute.
108) imprisonment :ទោសដាក់ពន្ធនាគារ:(page 40) being coned in jail or prison (also incarnation).
109) inheritable :កេរ្តិ៍មរតក:(page 72) property which can be transferred upon death to a
person designated as heir.
110) injunction :អធិបញ្ជា:(page 29) official order from a court for a person to do or
stop doing something.
111) injured party :ភាគីរងគ្រោះ:(page 19) person whose legally protected interests have
been harmed.
112) insider dealing:ប្រតិបត្តិការរបស់អ្នកដឹងព័ត៌មានផ្ទៃក្នុង: (page 40) use of
confidential, price sensitive information when trading in stocks and other
securities (us insider trading).
113) instrument:លិខិតតុបករណ៍: (page 73) written formal legal document.
114) intellectual property law
:ច្បាប់ឬនីតិកម្មសិទ្ធិបញ្ញា:(page 60) law of property that protects legal rights
associated with products of the mind, creativity or thought like copyrights,
patents and trademarks.
115) intentional tort :កំហុសរដ្ឋប្បវេណីដោយចេតនា:(page 29) non-criminal, non-contractual injury in which the
person who caused it intended to cause injury .
116) interference in contractual relations :ការជ្រៀតជ្រែកក្នុងទំនាក់ទំនងដែលមានកិច្ចសន្យា:(page 29) tort of intentionally causing a breach of a valid
contract.
117) intergovernmental organizations :អង្គការអន្តររដ្ឋាភិបាល:(page 94) international institutions established by
governments as opposed to organizations established privately and acting
internationally, i.e. non-governmental organizations.
118) international arbitration
:មជ្ឈត្តករ ឬអាជ្ញាកណ្តាលអន្តរជាតិ:(page 84) arbitration of disputes between parties to
international commercial contracts.
119) judge :ចៅក្រម:(page
40) public official who hears and decides cases in court .
120) jurisdiction :យុត្ដាធិការ ឬដែនសមត្ថកិច្ច:(page 40) territory or district in which a court has
authority to hear cases.
121) jurisprudence :យុត្តិសាស្រ្ដ:(page 60) science or
philosophy of law, study of legal systems and a collective term used for the
body of case law.
122) jury :គណៈវិនិច្ឆ័យ:(page 40) group of people selected to come to a verdict on
questions of fact based on evidence presented in court.
123) land law :ច្បាប់ ឬនីតិភូមិបាលឬដីធ្លី:(page 8) body of law relating to the ownership of real
estate, that is land and the buildings on it .
124) landlord and tenant law :ច្បាប់ភតិសន្យារវាងភតិបតី និងភតិកៈ:(page 60) includes both
contract and property law, and governs the commercial and residential property
rights and obligations of an owner and renter of a real property interest for a given period of time,
usually determined by a lease.
125) landlord or landlady :ភតិបតី:(page
73) person who owns property and either rents it or leases it to another for
money.
126) law clinic :គ្លីនិកច្បាប់:(page 8) facility offering free or discounted legal
assistance, often run by law schools and staffed by law students under
supervision of lawyers .
127) law firm :ការិយាល័យប្រឹក្សាច្បាប់ ឬក្រុមហ៊ុនប្រឹក្សាច្បាប់:(page 8) company formed by lawyers to engage in the
practice of law.
128) law practice :ការប្រកបវិជ្ជាជីវៈ ឬកាប្រកបមុខរបរផ្នែកច្បាប់:(page 8) see law firm.
129) lawsuit :បណ្ដឹងស៊ីវិល ឬរឿងក្ដី ឬពាក្យបណ្ដឹង:(page 83) action or proceeding brought in court (also
suit).
130) lease :ភតិសន្យា:(page 73) contract for which the use and occupation of a
property is conveyed to another, usually in exchange for a sum of money (rent)
.
131) leasehold :ការកាន់កាប់អចលនទ្រព្យតាមរយៈភតិសន្យា:(page 72) property whose duration of ownership or
occupation is fixed or capable of being fixed.
132) legal assistance :ជំនួយផ្នែកច្បាប់:(page 8) advice and representation in legal matters.
133) legal framework :ក្របខ័ណ្ឌនីត្យានុកូល:(page 95) broad system of rules on which to make decisions.
134) legal person :នីតិបុគ្គល:(page 50) artificial entity created by law and given legal
rights and duties, for example a corporation.
135) legislature :អង្គនីតិបញ្ញត្ដិ:(page 61) selected body of people, usually elected,
invested with the responsibility and power to make appeal laws for a political
unit, such as a state or nation. congress and parliament are legislatures.
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